Shia en riktning inom islam

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These beliefs included notions of divinity, the idea that the Imams were uncreated, or equating the Imams with God.[45] It is important to note that Imams of the Shi'a (a) actively opposed and fought against any form of Ghuluww (exaggeration) regarding their status.[46]

Twelver Shiism

Main article: Imamiyya

Twelver (Ithna'ashari) Shiism is the predominant Shi'a sect,[47] encompassing the largest number of Shi'a followers.

Clergy such as Ayatollahs and Marjas play a crucial role in interpreting Islamic law.

Major Sects Within Shia Islam

Twelvers (Ithna Ashariyyah)

This is the largest Shia sect, primarily found in Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and parts of Pakistan.

shia en riktning inom islam

Vanligast är tron på 12 imamer.

Den tolfte imamen ska enligt traditionen ha gått in i en moské och försvunnit. They follow twelve Imams and believe in the occultation of the twelfth.

Ismailis

Ismailis broke off from the Twelvers after the sixth Imam. This disagreement laid the groundwork for the Shia-Sunni divide.

The Role of Imam Ali

Ali ibn Abi Talib was not only the Prophet’s cousin but also his son-in-law, having married Fatimah, the Prophet’s daughter.

Originally written in Persian, this book provides a concise overview of essential information about Shiism using accessible language. They also place strong emphasis on du’a (supplication) and personal devotion.

Pilgrimage Sites (Najaf, Karbala)

In addition to Mecca and Medina, Shias frequently visit Karbala, where Imam Hussein is buried, and Najaf, where Imam Ali is laid to rest.

Dialogue and understanding are essential for harmony.

Contributions of Shia Muslims to Islamic Civilization

Philosophy and Science

Many renowned philosophers and scientists like Nasir al-Din al-Tusi emerged from Shia backgrounds, contributing vastly to astronomy, mathematics, and theology.

Poetry and Literature

Shia poets like Al-Kumayt and later Persian poets helped shape Islamic literature, particularly in expressing devotion to Ahl al-Bayt (the Prophet’s family).

Challenges Faced by Shia Communities

Persecution and Sectarian Violence

Throughout history, Shias have often faced marginalization and violence, both politically and socially, in many Muslim-majority countries.

Social and Political Struggles

Shia minorities often struggle with representation and rights, making advocacy and awareness critical in building inclusive societies.

Interfaith and Intra-faith Dialogue

Unity Initiatives

Many Shia and Sunni scholars are working together through initiatives aimed at reducing sectarianism, especially in conflict-prone regions.

The Role of Education and Media

Education and balanced media coverage are powerful tools for debunking myths, bridging gaps, and fostering respect among different Muslim sects.

Read more: Sunni Islam: Definition, Beliefs, and Practices According to the Quran

Conclusion

Shia Islam is a deeply spiritual and historically rich branch of Islam.

They refer to Sunni sources of hadith, such as al-Sihah al-Sitta, to obtain the Traditions of the Prophet (s).[94] However, Twelvers and Isma'ilis have a different perspective. Den väpnade sunnimuslimska organisationen rättfärdigar sin existens bland annat med referenser till det historiska kalifat som utropades vid profeten Muhammeds död år 632...

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They believed that after Imam Ali (a), Imam al-Hasan (a), and Imam al-Husayn (a), Muhammad al-Hanafiyya, another son of Imam Ali (a), was the Imam.

In reality, they follow the same Quran and worship Allah alone.

Promoting Unity in the Muslim Ummah

Despite theological differences, efforts toward unity, mutual respect, and coexistence are growing. Till skillnad från sunniislam finns det därför inom shia en tydligare hierarki inom religionen.

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Litteratur:
Mohammad Fazlhashemi, Vems islam - de kontrastrika muslimerna, Studentlitteratur AB, 2014
Sören Wibeck, Religionernas historia - om tro, hänförelse och konflikter. Historiska media, 2005
Niels C.

Nielsen m.fl., Religions of the World, Bedford/St.

Governments

Throughout the history of the Islamic world, there have been Shi'a governments such as Al Idris, Alavids of Tabaristan, the Buyid dynasty, Zaydis in Yemen, Fatimids, Isma'ilis in Alamut, Sarbadars in Sabzevar, Safavid dynasty, and the current Islamic Republic of Iran.

Definition

The term "Shi'a" refers to the followers of Imam Ali (a) who believe that the Prophet (s) explicitly appointed him as his immediate successor.[1] According to al-Shaykh al-Mufid, the term "al-Shi'a" with the definite article (al-) specifically applies to the followers of Imam Ali (a) who believe in his immediate authority and Imamate after the Prophet (s).[2] On the other hand, Sunni Muslims believe that the Prophet (s) did not explicitly designate a successor, and since Muslims unanimously pledged allegiance to Abu Bakr, he is considered the Prophet's (s) successor.[3]

According to Rasul Ja'farian, a contemporary researcher on Shi'a history, for several centuries after the emergence of Islam, the term "Shi'a" was used to refer to those who expressed love and devotion to Ahl al-Bayt (a), the Prophet's Household (a), as well as those who prioritized Imam Ali (a) over 'Uthman, the third caliph.[4] To differentiate them from the first group, known as doctrinal Shi'as, these individuals were referred to as love-based Shias (lovers of Ahl al-Bayt).[5]

The term "Shi'a" literally means follower, supporter, or faction.[6]

Origins

Regarding the origins of Shiism, there are various perspectives.

Nonetheless, since Imam Ali (a) gave his consent to their Imamate, it is deemed necessary to acknowledge their Imamate as well.[36]

Shi'a theologians present Quranic verses and hadiths as evidence to support the belief in the immediate succession of Imam Ali (a) after the Prophet (s). They maintained that Muhammad al-Hanafiyya was the promised Mahdi, who resides in Radwa Mount.[43]

Waqifiyya refers to those who believe that Imam al-Kazim (a) was the last Imam and ceased to recognize any subsequent Imams.[44] Ghaliyya, on the other hand, were extremist groups who held exaggerated beliefs about the status of Imams of the Shi'a.

Instead, it is the responsibility of the prophets to designate their successors.[18] Therefore, Shi'a theologians (excluding Zaydis) emphasize the necessity of the Imam being "appointed" by the Prophet (s) or his preceding Imam (a).[19] They believe that the only way to ascertain the identity of the Imam is through explicit evidence (nass),[20] which refers to a clear statement or action that directly indicates the Imam's position.[21]

The Shia's argument is based on the belief that the Imam must possess infallibility, and only God has knowledge of who possesses this attribute.[22] Infallibility is considered an internal quality, and external actions of individuals cannot serve as an indication of their infallibility.[23] Therefore, it is necessary for God to appoint and introduce the Imam to the people through the prophet.[24]

Shi'a books of theology present textual and intellectual arguments to support the necessity of the existence of an Imam in society.[25] Shi'as invoke textual evidence, such as the Verse of Ulu l-Amr and the Hadith of "Man Mat".[26] Additionally, one of their intellectual or philosophical arguments is based on the principle of lutf.

Scholars point to different periods, such as during the lifetime of the Prophet (s) before 11/632, following the Event of Saqifa in 11/632, following Uthman's murder in 35/656, and following the Arbitration Event in 37/658.[7] Certain Shi'a scholars believe that Shi'as have existed since the lifetime of the Prophet (s) because some of his companions were supportive of Ali (a).[8] They refer to hadiths[9] and historical reports[10] that mention the existence of "Shi'as" of Ali (a) during the Prophet's (s) lifetime.[11] After the Prophet's (s) demise, these individuals protested against the decision made at the Council of Saqifa, which resulted in the election of Abu Bakr as caliph, refusing to pledge allegiance to him.[12] According to Nashi al-Akbar in the book Masa'il al-imama, doctrinal Shiism has existed since Imam Ali (a).[13]

Theory of Imamate

Main article: Imamate

The shared belief among all Shi'a sects is believed to be their position on Imamate.[14] Imamate has a pivotal place within Shi'a theological issues.[15] Imamate refers to the leadership of the Islamic community and the succession of the Prophet (s) in both worldly and spiritual matters.

Instead, individuals are required to derive Sharia rulings directly from the Qur'an, the Prophetic Tradition, and the teachings of the Imams.[93]

In terms of the Prophetic Tradition, Zaydis believe that only the words and practices of the Prophet (s) are authoritative.